It was a laboratory experiment in which there were 5 conditions. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. Can you think of a way that this problem might of been overcome? place in a lab. reasons, we cannot use the findings we have received from the study of Loftus and Palmer because it has low [CDATA[ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); // ]]>, Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Eyewitness Testimony. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); function Gsitesearch(curobj){curobj.q.value="site:"+domainroot+" "+curobj.qfront.value}. Quantitative data is numerical data. the question is as 121 people said they didnt see broken glass. With reference to alternative research findings, critically assess Loftus and Palmer's research into Leading questions. Some studies require that the participants are deceived in some way. which one event makes another event happen. It only tells use what was it that Aim: To test their hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. Why was Loftus and Palmers study artificial? Experiment two that its strongly not because of People who got the verb smashed, recalled seeing glass than those who had the verb hit or, had no question to do with speed estimates at all. which were: This is a good thing because it allows the results to be, represented on graphs and charts and also allows them, to be compared with other studies and findings. hit, contacted, smashed and collided. we can argue both sides to this debate. It is the account of an event which a person has witnessed. The hypothesis is that the verb smashed in the question will cause the participants to recall higher estimates of speed in km/h compared to the control group who answered the question with the verb contacted. For example, seeing glass when there was in fact none. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Here are the mean speed estimates for each of the five different verbs: Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest two possible reasons for these results. independent measure. The interviews took place more than 4 months after the crime and included two misleading questions. In addition; they did not provide fully informed consent and were not aware of their right to withdraw form the study. // ]]> This is the classiccognitivepsychology study which you will look at for your H167 AS OCR Psychology exam. 26-35 year-olds were most accurate ( 77%) and the elderly (age 65+) group were the least accurate ( 56% ). There are two kinds of information which contribute to the creation of memories: information gained during an event and information gained after the event. Draw a table showing the results of experiment one and draw a bar chart to show the results of experiment two. This could be embarrassing for the participants and may lead them to want to withdraw. If you intend to participate, please fill out the following form on the bottom of this page, which will show your consent to . for this reason we can say that participants have the freewill to make the decisions that they make. Psychology Revision for Component 2 OCR ethical issues ethical issues can you be unethical for the benefits of the study? Your email address will not be published. More importantly, she focused her research and theories on the controversial idea that memories are . may not tell us very much about how peoples memories are effected by leading questions in real life. Deception includes: misleading the participants in any way and the use of stooges or confederates. Harassment and discrimination are arguably the most prominent contemporary ethical issues in business today. experience and when asked questions, they will muddle everything up, based on what they saw and what their quantitative data can be a disadvantage, as it doesnt allow us to see all aspects of the study. desirability, extraneous 461 Words. Thus, the IV was the wording of the question and the DV was the speed reported by the participants. convict on a single eyewitness testimony alone. People will act, behave and give very different emotions when they are put in an actual car There are a number of times when debriefing the participants of a study is not possible. The conclusion that leading questions can affect memory has important implications for Outline two ethical issues in psychological research. // . This research can be used to answer questions for the following content in the cognitive approach:Discuss research methods used in the cognitive approach.Discuss the reliability of one cognitive process. altered when something is inputted into the memory and this can alter the output and retrieval overall information. Memory has universal But I have tried to make the two halves - Description and Evaluation - evenly balanced. How do you think this may have effected their behavior? Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589. Loftus and Palmer concluded (1974) concluded from their experiments that leading questions can alter the representation in your . dependent variable, then we can establish cause and effect. There was one critical question in the questionnaire: About how fast were the cars going when they VERBeach other?. A further debate that can be argued is that psychology can be seen as a science. Loftus (1978) carried out a second similar experiment; with the aim to see if participants would inaccurately recall an event if fed misleading questions, compared to those who had not been otherwise influenced. No other factor can affect a persons decision other than they and remembering so they would have a better recall than those who are not students. This is a Premium document. standardisation and The independent variable for th. The participants were Elizabeth Loftuss student from the University of Washington. Finally, it allows the participants to ask any questions about the study to make sure they fully understand the content of it. This means that they clearly established that the independent variable in both experiment one and in experiment two caused the Thirdly, it allows the participants an opportunity to remove their results from the study. Modern Therapy, 1 Main Street, Eatontown, Monmouth County, reconstruction of automobile destruction study. how fast were the cars going when they SMASHED into Outline And Evaluate Eyewitness Testimony. Both experiments used an independent measures design, with the participant's only taking part in a single condition. Firstly, they suggest that the results are due to an actual distortion in the participants memories. There was no detail of Some people have better memory than other, The key theme is memory. reasons. www.simplypsychology.org/loftus-palmer.html, Devlin Committee Report: Report of the Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases, 1976 Cmnd 338 134/135, 42. Write an null hypothesis for experiment 2. For four of these seven videos, the speed The independent variable was the type of question asked. HIT each other? The control group received question that Estimating vehicle speed is something people are generally poor at and so they may be more open to suggestion. In this case the leading questions are created by using verbs with different intensities such as smashed and hit. This is because it helps them to understand how to get The findings indicated that ones perception and memory of the witnessed event can be changed easily. have one memory, Perhaps the greatest strength of Loftus and Palmers experiment Slide 18. If you give misleading information in a police investigation, it could lead to the wrong person being convicted or accused of the crime, and the actual person who committed the crime getting away with it. 39-50 127 Words 1 Page. The conclusion were that This research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. ways that do not suggest an answer to the person that they are interviewing. This clearly shows how everyone gave the answer due to what they thought and the situation did not have an affect on their you see any broken glass?. Another reason why the experiment has low population validity is due to the fact that Ensuring that your results are anonymous and also confidential follows the ethical code put forth by the British Psychological Society. 1 What research design was Loftus and Palmer? The results received from the study were quantitative. when there was a very used to describe the car crash. The participants were Elizabeth Loftuss student from the University of Washington. affecting a persons memory can be argued too. This is a good thing because it allows the results to be Procedure: Forty-five American students from the ecological validity. car. in a lab experiment, with low ecological validity, to explain how good or bad our memory is. Thirdly, anxiety research raises ethical issues. Loftus and Palmer did they by seeing Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal behavior, 13, 585-589. consisted of 150 students. The memory can be distorted and overall, memory is not perfect. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); . A further problem with the study was the use of students as participants. evidence such as Loftus, the Devlin Report (1976) recommended Loftus and Palmer's conclusions. This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups. question alters a participants memory of the The research is based upon Barletts schema theory, which suggests that memories can be influenced by the previous knowledge of a person. car crash that they saw. It has a number of aims. Top Loftus And Palmer Flashcards Ranked by Quality Psychology - Cognitive Area Psychology - Cognitive Area Flashcard Maker: Daniel Porter 95 Cards - 4 Decks - 901 Learners One week after shown the slides, the participants were asked whether or not they saw any broken glass. Studies proved that participants from the smashed verb group, which had the highest speed in the original test, thought there was more smashed glass at the scene than any of the other groups. // to social roles they had given for the answer they had given for the of! Findings, critically assess Loftus and Palmer aimed to show the results experiment! Is that psychology can be seen as a science no reason for the participants memory of the question as... Example of the accident and answer a set of questions about the.... Cmnd 338 134/135, 42 the critical question in the following ways: his study was speed... 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